• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a device for pretreating and subsequently conveying or plasticizing plastics with a container (1) having a mixing and / or comminution tool (3) rotatable about an axis of rotation (10), wherein an opening (8) is provided in a side wall (9) ) is formed, through which the plastic material can be carried out, wherein a conveyor (5) is provided, with a in a housing (16) rotating screw (6). The invention is characterized in that the imaginary extension of the longitudinal axis (15) of the conveyor (5) against the conveying direction (17) on the axis of rotation (10) passes, wherein the longitudinal axis (15) on the outlet side to the longitudinal axis (15) parallel radials (11) is offset by a distance (18), and that the screw (6), as viewed from the beginning of the screw (6) towards the end or to the outlet opening of the conveyor (5) rotates clockwise.
    公开号:AT512147A1
    申请号:T1502/2011
    申请日:2011-10-14
    公开日:2013-05-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Erema；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    J.: i
    ♦ t · t t • • • • • 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
    Device for processing plastic material
    The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
    Numerous similar devices of various types are known in the prior art, comprising a receptacle or cutting compactor for comminuting, heating, softening and processing a plastic material to be recycled and a conveyor or extruder connected thereto for melting the material prepared in this way. The aim is to obtain a high quality end product, usually in the form of granules.
    Thus, for example, in EP 123 771 or EP 303 929 devices are described with a receptacle and an extruder connected thereto, wherein the plastic material supplied to the receptacle crushed by rotating the crushing and mixing tools and brought into thrombus circulation and heated simultaneously by the introduced energy , This forms a mixture with sufficiently good thermal homogeneity. This mixture is discharged after appropriate residence time from the receptacle in the screw extruder, promoted and thereby plasticized or melted. The screw extruder is arranged approximately at the height of the crushing tools. In this way, the softened plastic particles are actively pressed or stuffed by the mixing tools into the extruder.
    However, most of these long-known constructions are not satisfactory in view of the quality of the machined plastic material obtained at the outlet of the screw and / or with regard to the output or throughput of the screw.
    Of crucial importance for the final quality of the product is, on the one hand, the quality of the pretreated or softened polymer material reaching the conveyor or extruder from the cutter compactor, and, on the other hand, the situation during feeding and conveying or the possible extrusion. Here, inter alia, the length of the individual regions or zones of the screw, as well as the parameters of the screw, e.g. whose thickness, flight depths etc. are relevant.
    Accordingly, in the present cutter compactor-conveyor combinations, there are special conditions, since the material entering the conveyor is not introduced directly, untreated and cold, but has already been pretreated in the cutter compactor, i. warmed, softened, and / or defrosted, etc. This is crucial for the collection and the quality of the material.
    The two systems, ie the cutter compactor and the conveyor, influence each other, and the results of the feeding and the further conveying or possible densification depend strongly on the pretreatment and the consistency of the material.
    Accordingly, an important area is the interface between the cutter compactor and the conveyor, ie the area where the homogenized pretreated material is transferred from the cutter compressor to the conveyor or extruder. On the one hand, this is a purely mechanical problem because two differently operating devices must be coupled together here. In addition, this interface is also delicate for the polymer material, since the material is usually present in a strongly softened state near the melting region, but must not melt. If the temperature is too low, the throughput and the quality decrease, the temperature is too high and in some places an unwanted melting takes place, so the collection clogged.
    In addition, a precise metering and feeding of the conveyor is difficult because it is a closed system and there is no direct access to the feeder, but the feeding of the material from the cutting compressor out, so not directly, for example via a gravimetric dosing, be influenced can.
    It is therefore crucial to make this transition both mechanically considered, so with understanding of the polymer properties, and at the same time to pay attention to the economics of the overall process, so on high throughput and appropriate quality. Here are partly conflicting requirements to consider.
    The above-mentioned, known from the prior art devices have in common that the Förrder- or rotational direction of the mixing and crushing tools and thus the direction in which the material particles circulate in the receptacle, and the conveying direction of the extruder substantially equal or in the same direction are. This deliberately chosen arrangement was guided by the desire to stuff the material as possible in the snail or force feeding it. This idea, the particles in Schneckenförderrichtung in the conveyor or. To stuff extruder screw, was also quite obvious and corresponded to the usual ideas of the expert, since the particles do not have to reverse their direction of movement and thus no additional force for the direction reversal is spend, It was thereby and at outgoing
    Developments always sought after, dlhfe rttög! Idhst'fiöhä 'to create auger filling and a reinforcement of this Stopfeffektes. For example, attempts have also been made to conically expand the intake area of the extruder or to curve the shredding tools in a sickle-shaped manner so that they can feed the softened material into the screw in a spatula-like manner. Due to the inlet-side displacement of the extruder from a radial to a tangential position to the container, the stuffing effect was further enhanced and the plastic material from the rotating tool even more pressed into the extruder or pressed,
    Such devices are basically functional and work satisfactorily, albeit with recurrent problems:
    Thus, for example, with materials having a low energy content, e.g. PET fibers or films, or for materials with an early stickiness or softening point, such as, polylactic acid (PLA), repeatedly observed the effect that deliberate co-plugging of the plastic material into the feed zone of the extruder under pressure for premature melting of the material immediately after or even in the feed area of the extruder leads. As a result, on the one hand, the conveying effect of the extruder is reduced, and it can also lead to a partial reflux of this melt in the area of the cutting compressor or receiving container, which means that still unmelted flakes adhere to the melt, thereby cooling the melt again and partially solidifies and forms in this way a schwulstartiges structure or conglomerate of partially solidified melt and solid plastic particles. As a result, the intake of the extruder clogged and stick the mixing and crushing tools. As a result, the throughput of the extruder is reduced because there is no longer sufficient filling of the screw. In addition, the mixing and comminution tools can become stuck in this way. In general, the system must be shut down and completely cleaned in such cases.
    Additionally, problems arise with those polymeric materials that have been heated in the cutter compactor to near their melting range. If the catchment area is overfilled, the material melts and the feeder sinks.
    Even with, mostly stretched, stripy, fibrous materials with a certain length extension and a small thickness or stiffness, so for example in cut into strips of plastic films, problems arise. This primarily by the fact that the elongated material adheres to the downstream end of the feed opening of the screw, wherein one end of the strip protrudes into the receptacle and the other end in the catchment area. Since both the mixing tools and the screw run in the same direction or exert the same Förderrichtungs- and pressure component on the material, both ends of Öes SfreifeTis in the same direction * zugzug- and pressurized and the strip can not solve. This in turn leads to an accumulation of the material in this area, to a narrowing of the cross section of the intake opening and to a poor intake behavior and subsequently to loss of revenue. In addition, it may be due to the increased feed pressure in this area to melt, which in turn occur the problems mentioned above.
    At such co-rotating cutter compactors different extruders were connected, the results were basically quite acceptable and appealing. However, the Applicant has made extensive research to further improve the overall system.
    The present invention has the object to overcome the disadvantages mentioned and to improve a device of the type described above so that, in addition to the usual materials, even sensitive or strip-like materials easily recovered from the screw and with high material quality, as space-saving, time-efficient and energy-saving and can be processed or treated with high throughput.
    This object is achieved in a device of the type mentioned by the characterizing features of claim 1.
    It is initially provided that the imaginary extension of the central longitudinal axis of the conveyor, in particular extruder, if this has only a single screw, or the longitudinal axis of the feed opening nearest screw when it has more than one screw, against the conveying direction of the conveyor on the Rotation axis passes without cutting them, wherein the longitudinal axis of the conveyor, if this has a single screw, or the longitudinal axis of the feed opening closest screw downstream to the longitudinal axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the mixing and / or
    Crushing tool is offset in the conveying direction of the conveyor outwardly directed radials of the container by a distance.
    Thus, the conveying direction of the mixing tools and the conveying direction of the conveyor is no longer, as known from the prior art, in the same direction, but at least slightly in opposite directions, whereby the initially mentioned Stopfeffekt is reduced. By consciously reversing the direction of rotation of the mixing and 5 ····························································································. · 4 · · · · ·
    Crushing tools compared to blashlahtf blikanrften 'devices, the feed pressure on the catchment area decreases and it reduces the risk of overfilling. Excess material is not stuffed or filled in this way with excessive pressure in the catchment area of the conveyor, but on the contrary excess material is even tending to be removed from there, so that while there is always sufficient material in the catchment area, but almost no pressure or only a small amount Pressure is applied. In this way, the screw can be filled sufficiently and always enough material to move in without causing it to overfill the screw and subsequently to local pressure peaks, where the material could melt.
    In this way, the melting of the material in the area of the feeder is prevented, which increases the operational efficiency, lengthens the maintenance intervals and reduces the downtime due to possible repairs and cleaning measures.
    By reducing the feed pressure react slider, with which the degree of filling of the screw can be regulated in a known manner, much more sensitive and the degree of filling of the screw can be adjusted even more accurately. Especially for heavier materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or PET regrind, it is easier to find the optimum operating point of the system.
    In addition, it has proved to be surprisingly advantageous that materials which have already been softened to near melt, are better fed in the counter-rotating operation according to the invention. In particular, when the material is already in doughy or softened state, the screw cuts the material from the doughy ring, which is close to the container wall. In a direction of rotation in the conveying direction of the screw, this ring would rather be pushed further and there could be no scraping by the screw, whereby the indentation would ease. This is avoided by reversing the direction of rotation according to the invention.
    In addition, in the processing of the above-described streaky or fibrous materials, the formed impurities or accumulations are easily solved or are not even formed because of the direction of rotation of the mixing tools downstream or downstream edge of the opening of the direction vector of the mixing tools and the directional vector of the conveyor in almost opposite or at least slightly opposite directions show, making an elongated strip can not bend and impose around this edge, but is carried along by the Mischtrombe in the receptacle again. »« Φ 9 »··« * ·· »» «« ···· · · · »*« »« «# # # # *
    Overall, by * 3ie 'erfincfungsgemäße design improves the intake behavior and increases the throughput significantly. The overall system of cutter compactor and conveyor is thus more stable and efficient.
    Closely related to and responsible for the collection is the design and, above all, the movement of the screw, especially in the catchment area, where the material of the cutting compressor is to be transferred to the screw. The applicant has surprisingly found that can be further improved by reversing the direction of rotation of the screw of the conveyor, the feed behavior.
    In this case, it is provided that the screw or the screw closest to the intake opening, as viewed in the direction of the end or the discharge opening of the conveyor, viewed from the usually close to the intake, possibly motor-side, start of the screw or from the intake opening in the Turning clockwise. The passages of the screw thus move from the cutting compressor or container through the opening viewed from bottom to top. So far, in the same direction darning operating container extruder systems, ie in systems in which the mixing tools were rotating substantially in the conveying direction of the extruder, only worms were used in the counter-clockwise or through the opening turned down.
    It has thereby provided a specific embodiment of a cutter compactor extruder system comprising a specially designed cutter compactor with a particular direction of rotation of the tools to effectively transfer the pretreated homogenized softened material in the delicate state near the melting range to the conveyor, yet still gently , as well as a specially designed conveyor, with an upward-rotating screw, which feeds surprisingly well, especially in combination with this cutter compactor. This results in an unprecedented distribution of forces in the catchment area. On the one hand, the tools convey the material towards the opening, but they do not stuff it with pressure into it. There, the material is first detected from below by the screw, moved upwards and then retracted in the upper region of the intake opening. Local pressure peaks or overfeeding effects are thereby avoided.
    Particularly advantageous, the design has proven for regrind, since they are usually very free-flowing. In known devices with conventional screw rotation, the screw is filled solely by the influence of gravity and the tools have little influence. As a result, it is difficult to introduce energy into the material, since in many cases it is necessary to greatly reduce or often omit the height of the 'outer' tools in particular. This in turn suffers the Aufschmelzleistung in the screw because the material was not sufficiently heated in the cutter compressor. This is all the more critical in the case of regrind, as regrinds are relatively thick compared to foils and it is even more important to warm up the particles inside as well.
    Turning now according to the invention, the screw rotation direction, the screw is no longer filled automatically and the tools are needed to move the material in the upper part of the screw. This also makes it possible to bring sufficient energy into the material to facilitate any subsequent melting. This subsequently results in increased throughput and better quality, since less cold particles can reduce shear in the screw, which in turn contributes to improved MFI values.
    Furthermore, the controllability of the intake pusher increases or you can even do without it completely.
    As mentioned, the intake behavior, especially with compressing screws, is decisive for the material quality of the melt or of the agglomerate and of the end product and also for the throughput of the system. Overall, the throughput of the system can be significantly increased by this special structural design.
    Experiments have confirmed that the polymer is qualitatively superior in a treatment in a device according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 and 2 (direction of rotation of the tools in opposite directions, clockwise rotation of the screw) than in a treatment in an analogously known device {direction of rotation det Tools in the same direction, anti-clockwise rotation of the screw) with otherwise identical parameters. The results are summarized in FIG. 5;
    The viscosity curves of the treated polymers (PLA regrind from food packaging) were recorded using a rotation rheometer MCR501 Anton Paar (measuring system: plate / plate, diameter 25 mm, gap distance 1 mm, 'nitrogen atmosphere'). Curve 5 shows the viscosity of the polymer driven on the conventional technology. Curve 6 shows the viscosity of the same polymer driven by the device according to the invention. The consistently higher viscosity value indicates that at curve 6 less damage to the polymer has occurred. In addition, the curve 6 corresponds almost identical to the original material (not shown here).
    Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are described by the following features:
    According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that a wedge-shaped opening pull-in geometry is formed in the upper, bottom-removed region of the intake opening. In this way, the feeding behavior is additionally positively influenced or the mixing tools can feed material into this area.
    If it is additionally provided that a wedge-shaped opening pull-in geometry is also formed in the lower region, excess material can be conveyed back into the cutter compactor more easily.
    An advantageous intake is achieved by providing a conveying device, for example in the form of an intake slide or an adjustable barrier, which has a stripping action in the conveying direction of the screw, in the lower region of the intake opening.
    According to an advantageous development of the invention it is provided that the conveyor is arranged on the receptacle, that the scalar product from the tangential to the circle of the radially outermost point of the mixing and / or crushing tool or to the opening passing plastic material and normal to a radial The direction vector (direction vector of the direction of rotation) and the direction vector of the conveying direction of the conveyor aligned in the direction of rotation or movement of the mixing and / or comminution tool in each individual point or in the entire region of the opening or in each individual point or in the entire area immediately radially in front of the opening, zero or negative. The area immediately radially in front of the opening is defined as the area in front of the opening at which the material is just before passing through the opening but has not yet passed through the opening. In this way, the advantages mentioned above are achieved and effectively avoided any agglomeration caused by stuffing effects in the region of the intake opening. In particular, it does not depend on the spatial arrangement of the mixing tools and the screw to each other, for example, the axis of rotation must not be aligned normal to the bottom surface or to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor or the screw. The direction vector of the direction of rotation and the direction vector of the conveying direction lie in one, preferably horizontal, plane, or in a plane oriented normal to the axis of rotation.
    A further advantageous embodiment results from the fact that the direction vector of the direction of rotation of the mixing and / or comminution tool with the direction vector of the conveying direction of the conveyor includes an angle of greater than or equal to 90 ° and less than or equal to 180 °, wherein the angle at the intersection of the two
    Direction vectors at the upstream of * ΐ) Γβϊν or moving direction edge of the opening is measured, in particular in the furthest upstream point on this edge or the opening. As a result, that angle range is described in which the conveyor must be arranged on the receptacle in order to achieve the advantageous effects. In the entire region of the opening or in each individual point of the opening, an at least slight opposing orientation of the forces acting on the material or, in the extreme case, a pressure-neutral transverse alignment occurs. At no point in the opening is the scalar product of the directional vectors of the mixing tools and the screw positive, not even in a portion of the opening thus occurs too much stuffing effect.
    A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the direction vector of the direction of rotation or movement with the direction vector of the conveying direction includes an angle between 170 ° and 180 °, measured at the intersection of the two directional vectors in the middle of the opening. Such an arrangement applies, for example, when the conveyor is arranged tangentially on the cutting compressor.
    To ensure that no excessive stuffing occurs. can advantageously be provided that the distance or the displacement of the longitudinal axis to the radial is greater than or equal to half the inner diameter of the housing of the conveyor or the piebald.
    Furthermore, it may be advantageous in this sense, the distance or the offset of the longitudinal axis to the radial greater than or equal to 7%, even more advantageously equal to 20%, to dimension the radius of the receptacle. For conveyors with an extended catchment area or a grooved or extended pocket, it may be advantageous if this distance or this offset is greater than or equal to the radius of the receptacle. In particular, this applies to cases in which the conveyor is tangentially connected to the receptacle or tangent to the cross section of the container.
    It is particularly advantageous if the longitudinal axis of the conveyor or the screw or the longitudinal axis of the intake nearest worm or the inner wall of the housing or the envelope of the pebbles tangent to the inside of the side wall of the container, wherein preferably the worm on its front page a drive is connected and at its opposite front end to a arranged at the front end of the housing outlet opening, in particular an extruder head promotes.
    When radially offset, but not tangentially arranged, conveyors is advantageously provided that the imaginary extension of the longitudinal axis of the conveyor against the conveying direction "the " Interior clearing *** of the * receptacle interspersed at least in sections as a secant.
    It is advantageous if it is provided that the opening directly and directly and without a longer spacing or transfer distance, e.g. a screw conveyor, is connected to the intake opening. This makes an effective and gentle transfer of material possible.
    The reversal of the direction of rotation of the circulating in the container mixing and crushing tools can not be done only arbitrarily or accidentally, and you can not rotate the mixing tools in the opposite direction, either in the known devices or in the device according to the invention, especially not, because the mixing and crushing tools are arranged asymmetrically in a certain way so that they act only on a single side or in one direction. If one deliberately turned such an apparatus in the wrong direction, neither a good mixed-atom bomb would be formed, nor would the material be sufficiently comminuted or heated. Each cutter compressor thus has its fixed predetermined direction of rotation of the mixing and crushing tools.
    In this connection, it is particularly advantageous if it is provided that the front regions or front edges of the mixing and / or comminution tools, which act on the plastic material and are oriented in the direction of rotation or movement, are differently shaped, curved, adjusted or arranged in comparison to in the direction of rotation or movement rear or trailing areas.
    An advantageous arrangement provides that tools and / or knives are arranged on the mixing and / or comminution tool, which act in the direction of rotation or movement on the plastic material to heat, comminuting and / or cutting. The tools and / or knives can either be fastened directly to the shaft or are preferably arranged on a, in particular parallel to the bottom surface, arranged rotatable tool carrier or a carrier disk or formed therein or, optionally in one piece, integrally formed.
    In principle, the effects mentioned are relevant not only for compressing extruders or agglomerators, but also for non-compressing or less-compressing screw conveyors. Again, local overfeeding is avoided.
    In a further particularly advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the receptacle is substantially cylindrical with a flat bottom surface and a cylinder jacket-shaped side wall oriented vertically thereto. It is also structurally simple if the axis of rotation coincides with the central center axis of the receptacle. In a further advantageous embodiment it is provided that the
    Rotary axis or the central central axis' 3es * container vertically and / or normal to the bottom surface are aligned. These special geometries optimize the intake behavior in a structurally stable and simply constructed device.
    In this context, it is also advantageous to provide that the mixing and / or crushing tool, or if more superimposed mixing and / or crushing tools are provided, the lowest, ground-level mixing and / or crushing tool, and the opening in a small Distance to the bottom surface, in particular in the region of the lowest quarter of the height of the receptacle are arranged. The distance is defined dabet and measured from the lowest edge of the opening or the feed opening to the container bottom in the edge region of the container. Since the corner edge is usually rounded, the distance from the lowest edge of the opening along the imaginary extensions of the side wall down to the imaginary extension of the container bottom is measured outwards. Well suitable distances are 10 to 400 mm.
    Furthermore, it is advantageous for processing when the radially outermost edges of the mixing and / or comminution tools reach close to the side wall.
    The container does not necessarily have a circular cylindrical shape, although this form is advantageous for practical and manufacturing reasons. From the circular cylindrical shape deviating container shapes, such as frusto-conical container or cylindrical container with elliptical or oval outline, must be converted to a circular cylindrical container same volume, assuming that the height of this fictitious container is equal to its diameter. Container heights, which in this case substantially exceed the mixing drum (taking into account the safety distance), are not taken into consideration, since this excessive container height is not used and therefore has no influence on the material processing.
    In the present case, the term conveyor means systems with non-compressing or decompressing screws, that is to say pure conveying screws, as well as systems with compressing screws, ie extruder screws having an agglomerating or plasticizing effect.
    The term extruder or extruder screw in the present text means both extruders or screws, with which the material is completely or partially melted, as well as extruders, with which the softened material only agglomerates, but is not melted. In Agglomerierschnecken the material is only briefly briefly compressed and sheared, but not plasticized. The J2 "" * * "* * * · · · · · · · · · · · * * * * * * * ··· * ♦♦ *
    Agglomerating screw therefore produces at its * X * g * material, which is not completely molten, but consists of particles fused only at its surface, which are, as it were, sintered together. In both cases, however, pressure is applied to the material via the screw and this compacted.
    In the examples described in the following figures, conveyors with a single screw, for example single-screw or single-screw extruders, are represented throughout. Alternatively, however, the provision of conveyors with more than one screw, for example double or multi-shaft conveyors or extruders, in particular with a plurality of identical screws, which have at least the same diameter d, is also possible.
    Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description of the following non-limiting embodiments of the subject invention, which are shown schematically in the drawings and not to scale:
    Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a device according to the invention with approximately tangentially connected extruder.
    FIG. 2 shows a horizontal section through the embodiment of FIG. 1. FIG.
    Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment with minimum offset.
    Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment with greater displacement.
    Neither the containers nor the screws or the mixing tools are to scale in the drawings, either as such or in relation to each other. in reality, the containers are usually larger or the snails longer than shown here.
    The advantageous cutter compactor / extruder combination shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for processing plastic material comprises a circular cylindrical container or cutter 1 with a flat, horizontal bottom surface 2 and a vertical, zyiindermanteiförmigen Side wall 9 on.
    At a small distance to the bottom surface 2, at most in about 10 to 20%, possibly less, the height of the side wall 9 - measured from the bottom surface 2 to the top edge of the side wall 9 - is a parallel to the bottom surface 2 aligned, planar support disk or a tool carrier 13, which is about a central axis of rotation 10, which is also the central center axis of the container 1, in which with Λ3 ft Λ3 ft · • · · · · · · * Φ * Μ · · · · · · ft ft "• ft • ft" an arrow 12 marked rotation or movement direction 12 is rotatable. The carrier disk 13 is driven by a motor 21 which is located below the container 1. On top of the carrier disk 13 are knives or tools, e.g. Cutting knife, 14 arranged, which together with the carrier plate 13, the mixing and / or crushing tool 3.
    As indicated schematically, the knives 14 are not arranged symmetrically on the support plate 13, but are particularly formed on their pointing in the direction of rotation or movement 12 front edges 22, employed or arranged to be able to act on the plastic material mechanically specific. The radially outermost edges of the mixing and crushing tools 3 extend to relatively close, about 5% of the radius 11 of the container 1, to the inner surface of the side wall 9 zoom.
    The container 1 has at the top a filling opening, through which the material to be processed, e.g. Portions of plastic films, e.g. is inserted by means of a conveyor in the direction of the arrow. Alternatively it can be provided that the container 1 is closed and at least evacuated to a technical vacuum, wherein the material is introduced via a lock systems. This material is detected by the rotating mixing and / or crushing tools 3 and swirled up in the form of a Mischtrombe 30, the good rises along the vertical side wall 9 and approximately in the range of effective container height H by gravity back in and out in the field of Tank center falls back. The effective height H of the container 1 is approximately equal to its inner diameter D. In the container 1 thus forms a Mischtrombe 30, in which the material is swirled both from top to bottom and in the direction of rotation 12. Such a device can thus be operated only with the predetermined direction of rotation or movement 12 due to the particular arrangement of the mixing and crushing tools 3 and the knife 14 and the direction of rotation 12 can not be made without further or without additional changes, be reversed.
    The introduced plastic material is comminuted by the circulating mixing and comminution tools 3, mixed and thereby heated by the introduced mechanical friction energy and softened, but not aufigeschmolzen. After a certain residence time in the container 1, the homogenized, softened, doughy but not molten material, as will be discussed in detail below, discharged through an opening 8 from the container 1, brought into the catchment area of an extruder 5 and there by a screw 6th recorded and subsequently melted.
    At the height of the single crushing and mixing tool 3 in the present case, said opening 8 is formed in the side wall 9 of the container 1, through which the pretreated plastic material from the interior of the
    Container 1 can be carried out. The material * is transferred * to * a single-screw extruder 5 arranged tangentially on the container 1, the housing 16 of the extruder 5 having an intake opening 80 in its casing wall for the material to be gripped by the screw 6. Such an embodiment has the advantage that the screw 6 can be driven by the lower front end in the drawing by a drive shown only schematically, so that the upper end of the screw 6 in the drawing can be kept free from the drive. This makes it possible to arrange the outlet opening for the plasticized or agglomerated plastic material conveyed by the screw 6 at this upper end of the sweep, e.g. in the form of an extruder head, not shown. The plastic material can therefore be conveyed through the outlet opening without deflection by the screw 6, which is not readily possible in the embodiments according to FIGS. 3 and 4.
    The intake opening 80 communicates with the opening 8 in material conveying or transfer connection and is in the present case directly, directly and without a longer intermediate piece or spacing connected to the opening 8. Only a very short transfer area is provided.
    In the housing 16, a compressing screw 6 is rotatably supported about its longitudinal axis 15. The longitudinal axis 15 of the screw 6 and the extruder 5 coincide. The extruder 5 conveys the material in the direction of arrow 17. The extruder 5 is a conventional extruder known per se, in which the softened plastic material is compressed and thereby melted, and the melt then emerges on the opposite side of the extruder head.
    The mixing and / or comminution tools 3 or the knives 14 are located at almost the same height or plane as the central longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5. The outermost ends of the blades 14 are sufficiently spaced from the webs of the screw 6.
    In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the extruder 5, as mentioned, is tangentially connected to the container 1 or extends tangentially to its cross section. The imaginary extension of the central longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5 or the screw 6 against the conveying direction 17 of the extruder 5 to the rear, leads in the drawing next to the axis of rotation 10 over without cutting them. The longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5 or the screw 6 is on the outlet side to the longitudinal axis 15 parallel, from the axis of rotation 10 of the mixing and / or crushing tool 3 in the conveying direction 17 of the extruder 5 outwardly directed radials 11 of the container 1 by a distance 18 added. In the present case, the rearward extension of the longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5 does not penetrate the interior of the container 1, but runs just past it. 15 ·· * · ♦ * «· * · * ··
    The distance 18 is slightly larger than the radius of the container 1. The extruder 5 is thus slightly offset from the outside or the catchment area is slightly deeper.
    Under the terms "opposite", " opposite " or "opposing" is understood herein to mean any orientation of the vectors to each other which is not acute-angled, as will be explained in detail below.
    In other words, the scalar product is a directional vector 19 of the direction of rotation 12, which is tangent to the circle of the outermost point of the mixing and / or comminution tool 3 or tangential to the plastic material passing past the opening 8 and the direction of rotation 12 the mixing and / or crushing tools 3, and a direction vector 17 of the conveying direction of the extruder 5, which is parallel to the central longitudinal axis 15 in the conveying direction at each point of the opening 8 and in the region radially immediately in front of the opening 8, zero everywhere or negative, but nowhere positive.
    In the intake opening in FIGS. 1 and 2, the dot product of the direction vector 19 of the direction of rotation 12 and the direction vector 17 of the conveying direction is negative at each point of the opening 8.
    The angle α between the directional vector 17 of the conveying direction and the directional vector of the direction of rotation 19, measured in the most upstream of the direction of rotation 12 point 20 of the opening 8 and at the most upstream edge of the opening 8, is almost maximum, about 170 ° ,
    If one proceeds downwards along the opening 8 in FIG. 2, that is to say in the direction of rotation 12, the obtuse angle between the two directional vectors becomes ever greater. In the middle of the opening 8, the angle between the directional vectors is approximately 180 ° and the scalar product maximum negative, farther below, the angle is even > 180 ° and the scalar product decreases again, but always remains negative. However, these angles are no longer referred to as angles α, since they are not measured in point 20.
    A not shown in Fig. 2, measured in the middle or in the center of the opening 8 angle ß between the direction vector of the direction of rotation 19 and the direction vector of the conveying direction 17 is about 178 ° to 180 °.
    The device according to FIG. 2 represents the first limiting case or extreme value. In such an arrangement, a very gentle stuffing action or a particularly advantageous feeding is possible and such a device is particularly suitable for sensitive materials which are processed near the melting region or for long-strip Good. 16 * · · * · ·· · * · * ··
    The screw 6, viewed from the container 1 and the intake near, the engine-side start of the screw 6 and from the intake 80 ago ago, towards the end or to the melt outlet outlet of the extruder 5, rotates clockwise. The passages of the screw 6 - and with it the material taken up by it - thus move, viewed from the cutting compressor or container 1 through the opening 8, from bottom to top.
    The oppositely rotating tools 14 gently transfer the pretreated, homogenized, softened material to the extruder 5 or bring the material into its catchment area. The particular movement of the material particles in the draw-in area coupled with the rotational movement of the screw 6 from bottom to top, causes the particles are detected by the screw 6 and retracted.
    In Fig. 3, an alternative embodiment is shown, in which the extruder 5 is not connected tangentially, but with its end face 7 to the container 1. The screw 6 and the housing 16 of the extruder 5 are adapted in the region of the opening 8 to the contour of the inner wall of the container 1 and set back flush. No part of the extruder 5 protrudes through the opening 8 into the interior of the container 1.
    The distance 18 here corresponds to about 5 to 10% of the radius 11 of the container 1 and about half the inner diameter d of the housing 16. This Ausführungsfrom thus represents the second limiting case or extreme value with klernstmöglichem offset or distance 18, in which the rotary or the direction of movement 12 of the mixing and / or crushing tools 3 of the conveying direction 17 of the extruder 5 is at least slightly opposite, namely over the entire surface of the opening eighth
    The scalar product is exactly zero in FIG. 3 at the most upstreammost point 20 located at the most upstream edge of the orifice 8. The angle α between the direction vector 17 of the conveying direction and the direction vector of the direction of rotation 19, measured at point 20 of Fig. 3, exactly 90 °. If you continue along the opening 8 down, ie in the direction of rotation 12, on, so the angle between the direction vectors is always larger and at an obtuse angle > 90 ° and the scalar product becomes negative at the same time. However, at no point or in any area of the opening 8 is the scale product positive or the angle less than 90 °. As a result, local overfeeding can not take place even in a partial region of the opening 8 or, in any region of the opening 8, there can be no harmful inflated tamping action.
    This also makes a decisive difference to a purely radial arrangement, since at point 20 or at the edge 20 'in a fully radial arrangement of
    Extruder 5 an angle α < 90 ° was * and * those * areas of the opening 8, which are located in the drawing above the radial 11 or upstream or upstream thereof, would have a positive scalar product. This could lead to accumulation of locally melted plastic goods in these areas.
    FIG. 4 shows a further alternative embodiment in which the extruder 5 is displaced slightly more downstream than in FIG. 3, but not yet tangentially as in FIGS. 1 and 2. In the present case, as in FIG. 3, the extension of the longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder 5, which is intended to be rearward, penetrates the interior of the container 1 in a secant manner. As a result, the opening 8 is wider than in the embodiment according to FIG Angle α measured at point 20 is about 150 °, which reduces the stuffing effect compared to the device of figure 3, which is more advantageous for certain sensitive polymers. The viewed from the container 1 from right inner edge or the inner wall of the housing 16 connects tangentially to the container 1, whereby, in contrast to Fig. 3 no blunt transitional edge is formed. In this most downstream point of the opening 8, in Fig. 4 far left, the angle is about 180 °.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    1, device for pretreating plastics, in particular thermoplastic waste plastic for recycling purposes, with a container (1) for the material to be processed, wherein in the container (1) at least one about a rotation axis (10) rotatable circulating mixing and / or crushing tool (3) for mixing, heating and optionally comminution of the plastic material is arranged, wherein in a side wall (9) of the container (1) in the region of the height of the lowermost or (3) an opening (8) is formed through which the pretreated plastic material from the interior of the container (1) can be carried out, wherein at least one conveyor (5), in particular an extruder (5) for Receiving the pretreated material is provided with at least one in a housing (16) rotating, in particular plasticizing or agglomerating, screw (6 ), wherein the housing (16) has a feed opening (80) lying on its end face (7) or in its jacket wall for the material to be detected by the worm (6), and the feed opening (80) with the opening (8) in Connection is, characterized in that the imaginary extension of the central longitudinal axis (15) of the conveyor (5) or of the intake opening (80) nearest screw (6) against the conveying direction (17) of the conveyor (5) on the axis of rotation (10) without cutting them past, wherein the longitudinal axis (15) of the conveyor (5) or the screw (6) closest to the intake opening (80) run downstream or in the direction of rotation or movement (12) of the mixing and / or comminution tool (3 ) to the longitudinal axis (15) parallel, from the axis of rotation (10) of the mixing and / or crushing tool (3) in the conveying direction (17) of the conveyor (5) outwardly directed radials (11) of the container (1) around a Distance (18) is offset, and that the worm (6) or the worm (6) closest to the intake opening (80), viewed from the beginning of the worm (6) and from the intake opening (80) in the direction towards the end or to the outlet opening of the conveyor (5), rotates clockwise.
    [2]
    2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper region, and optionally also in the lower region, the intake opening (80) is ausgebifdet a wedge-shaped feed geometry.
    [3]
    3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the lower region of the intake opening (80) has a promotional device, for example in the form of a Einzugschiebers or an adjustable barrier, which in the conveying direction (17) of the screw (6) stripping effect , is provided.
    [4]
    4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for an associated with the container (1) conveyor (5) the scalar product formed from the tangential to the circle of the radially outermost point of the mixing and / or crushing tool ( 3) or tangentially to the plastic material moved past the opening (8) and oriented normal to a radial (11) of the container (1), pointing in the direction of rotation or movement (12) of the mixing and / or comminution tool (3) Direction vector of the direction of rotation (19) and the direction vector (17) of the conveying direction of the conveyor (5) in each individual point or in the entire region of the opening (8) or immediately radially in front of the opening (8) is zero or negative.
    [5]
    5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the direction vector of the direction of rotation (19) of the radially outermost point of the mixing and / or crushing tool (3) and the directional vector (17) of the conveying direction of the conveyor (5) Include angle (a) greater than or equal to 90 ° and less than or equal to 180 °, measured at the intersection of the two directional vectors (17,19) with respect to the direction of rotation or movement (12) of the mixing and / or crushing tool (3) upstream inlet side edge of the opening (8), in particular in the furthest upstream point (20) on this edge or the opening (8).
    [6]
    6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the direction vector (19) of the rotational or movement direction (12) and the direction vector (17) of the conveying direction of the conveyor (5) an angle (ß) between 170 ° and 180 °, measured at the intersection of the two directional vectors (17,19) in the center of the opening (8).
    [7]
    7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the distance (18) is greater than or equal to half the inner diameter of the housing (16) of the conveyor (5) or the screw (6), and / or greater than or equal to 7%, preferably greater than or equal to 20%, of the radius of the container (1) or that the distance (18) is greater than or equal to the radius of the container (1). 20 • »H * · * f · · · · * *« *
    [8]
    8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the imaginary extension of the longitudinal axis (15) of the conveyor (5) opposite to the conveying direction in the manner of a secant to the cross section of the container (1) is arranged and the interior of the container ( 1) interspersed at least in sections.
    [9]
    9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the conveyor (5) is connected tangentially to the container (1) or tangential to the cross section of the container (1) or that the longitudinal axis (15) of the conveyor (5) or the screw (6) or the longitudinal axis of the screw (6) closest to the intake opening (80) or the inner wall of the housing (16) or the envelope of the check (6) tangentially to the inside of the side wall (9) of the Container (1) extends, wherein preferably the screw (6) on its end face (7) is connected to a drive and at its opposite end to a stimulus at the end of the housing (16) arranged outlet opening, in particular an extruder head promotes.
    [10]
    10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the opening (8) directly and directly and without significant spacing, in particular without transfer path or screw conveyor, with the intake opening (80) is connected.
    [11]
    11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the mixing and / or crushing tool (3) tools and / or knives (14), in the rotational or movement direction (12) comminuting the plastic material, acting cutting and heating, the tools and / or knives (14) preferably on or on a, in particular parallel to the bottom surface (12), arranged, rotatable tool carrier (13), in particular a carrier disc (13), are formed or arranged.
    [12]
    12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the plastic material acting in the direction of rotation or movement (12) facing front areas or leading edges (22) of the mixing and / or crushing tools (3) or Knife (14) are formed differently, employed, curved and / or arranged in comparison to the in the direction of rotation or movement (12) rear or trailing areas.
    [13]
    13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the container (1) is formed substantially circular cylindrical with a flat bottom surface (2) and a + vertically oriented cylinder jacket-shaped side wall (9) and / or the axis of rotation (10 ) of the mixing and / or comminution tools (3) coincides with the central center axis of the container (1) and / or the axis of rotation (12) or the central center axis are aligned vertically and / or normal to the bottom surface (2).
    [14]
    14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the lowermost tool carrier (13) or the lowest of the mixing and / or crushing tools (3) and / or the opening (8) close to the ground at a small distance to the bottom surface ( 2), in particular in the region of the lowest quarter of the height of the container (1), preferably at a distance from the bottom surface (2) of 10 mm to 400 mm are arranged.
    [15]
    15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the conveyor (5) is a single screw extruder (6) with a single compressing screw (6) or is a double or multiple screw extruder, wherein the diameters d of the individual screws ( 6) are equal to each other.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BR112014008780A2|2017-04-25|
    KR20140079477A|2014-06-26|
    ES2561723T3|2016-02-29|
    EP2766161B1|2015-12-16|
    TW201325857A|2013-07-01|
    PL2766161T3|2016-06-30|
    KR101744250B1|2017-06-07|
    MX363159B|2019-03-13|
    DE202012012588U1|2013-06-10|
    BR112014008780B1|2020-01-14|
    RU2014119277A|2015-11-20|
    AU2012323811A1|2014-05-15|
    ZA201402100B|2015-03-25|
    AT512147B1|2015-02-15|
    HUE027405T2|2016-09-28|
    CA2851664A1|2013-04-18|
    US20140271968A1|2014-09-18|
    MX2014004453A|2014-09-22|
    EP2766161A1|2014-08-20|
    JP2014534095A|2014-12-18|
    HK1218733A1|2017-03-10|
    CA2851664C|2017-08-15|
    TWI568561B|2017-02-01|
    CN103874566B|2017-02-22|
    WO2013052982A1|2013-04-18|
    SI2766161T1|2016-04-29|
    UA109964C2|2015-10-26|
    CN103874566A|2014-06-18|
    AU2012323811B2|2015-11-12|
    RU2584733C2|2016-05-20|
    DK2766161T3|2016-03-14|
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    AT512148B1|2011-10-14|2015-02-15|Erema|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|
    RU116402U1|2011-12-02|2012-05-27|Федеральное Государственное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дальневосточный Федеральный Университет" |DEVICE FOR PROCESSING THERMOPLASTES|AT504709B1|2006-11-23|2008-09-15|Erema|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INTRODUCING ADDITIVES|
    AT511362B1|2010-04-14|2014-01-15|Erema|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|
    AT512207B1|2011-10-14|2015-02-15|Erema|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|
    AT512149B1|2011-10-14|2015-02-15|Erema|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|
    AT512212B1|2011-10-14|2015-02-15|Erema|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|
    AT512145B1|2011-10-14|2015-02-15|Erema|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|
    AT512205B1|2011-10-14|2015-02-15|Erema|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|
    AT512148B1|2011-10-14|2015-02-15|Erema|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|
    AT512146B1|2011-10-14|2015-02-15|Erema|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|
    AT512223B1|2011-10-14|2015-02-15|Erema|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|
    AT512208B1|2011-10-14|2015-02-15|Erema|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|
    AT512209B1|2011-10-14|2015-02-15|Erema|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA1502/2011A|AT512147B1|2011-10-14|2011-10-14|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|ATA1502/2011A| AT512147B1|2011-10-14|2011-10-14|DEVICE FOR PREPARING PLASTIC MATERIAL|
    TW101137660A| TWI568561B|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for the treatment of plastics material|
    DK12781258.4T| DK2766161T3|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|An apparatus for processing plastics material|
    UAA201403666A| UA109964C2|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|DEVICES FOR PROCESSING OF PLASTIC MATERIALS|
    BR112014008780A| BR112014008780B1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|device for pretreating plastics|
    KR1020147013011A| KR101744250B1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    ES12781258.4T| ES2561723T3|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Device for pretreating synthetic materials|
    HUE12781258A| HUE027405T2|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    MX2014004453A| MX363159B|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material.|
    SI201230494T| SI2766161T1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    DE201220012588| DE202012012588U1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Device for processing plastic material|
    RU2014119277/05A| RU2584733C2|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Device for preliminary treatment of polymer material|
    CA2851664A| CA2851664C|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for the pretreatment of thermoplastics waste for recycling purposes|
    PL12781258T| PL2766161T3|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    US14/351,866| US20140271968A1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    JP2014534874A| JP2014534095A|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Plastic material processing equipment|
    CN201280050364.XA| CN103874566B|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    AU2012323811A| AU2012323811B2|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    EP12781258.4A| EP2766161B1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    PCT/AT2012/050154| WO2013052982A1|2011-10-14|2012-10-12|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    ZA2014/02100A| ZA201402100B|2011-10-14|2014-03-20|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
    HK15101273.9A| HK1218733A1|2011-10-14|2015-02-05|Apparatus for processing plastic material|
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